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Fiber-Optic
Laser Technology for Decontaminating Metals
The Need
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Waterjet and abrasive blasting
techniques has been used for decontaminating metals. Decontaminating metals is as varied
as removing lead paint from a bridge to cleaning metals contaminated by radioactive
material. The use of both techniques can pose environmental problems because the cleaning
process created additional waste. Often that waste is hazardous. There had been needs in
industry to safely clean radioactive and hazardous contaminants with less waste. |

Fiber-Optic Laser System (ENR)
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The Technology
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The fiber-optic laser technology resulted from a
collaboration between INEEL (Idaho National Environmental and Engineering Laboratory)
scientists and researchers at another Department of Energy facility, Ames Laboratory in
Ames, Iowa. Unlike other metal cleaning technologies, the fiber optic laser system does
not produce a secondary waste stream such as water, blasting material or solvents. This
reduces waste disposal costs, which can be a significant expense in industrial cleanup. It
also reduces environmental risk when waste materials are hazardous. The technology uses a powerful, pencil-thin laser beam that is focused
onto the contaminated area. The laser beam generates shock waves that eject particles of
contamination into the air. Contaminants are then immediately sucked into a vacuum filter
for disposal. |
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The system decontaminates metal surfaces such as tools and machinery, and removes
hazardous surface coatings.Using fiber optics
to deliver the laser makes the system flexible and compact. The optical head, which aims
the laser beam, is small enough to be hand-held. In hazardous or radioactive environments,
it can be positioned by robot or remote manipulator arms to keep workers safe. |
The Benefits
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- Improved Safety -- Can be performed remotely, separating
workers from contamination.
- Less Secondary Waste -- Unlike most traditional techniques,
this generates minimal additional waste (only the air filters are contaminated during the
process).
- Less Equipment Contamination -- Expensive equipment not
exposed to contamination.
- No Hazardous Chemicals -- Unlike traditional techniques, this
decontamination method uses no chemicals and therefore, raises no concerns over safe
chemical handling or disposal.
- Reduced Waste Volumes -- The effectiveness and cost-efficiency
of this technique may allow certain materials to be recycled rather than stored or
disposed of.
- Lower Waste Classifications -- Effective and cost-efficient
surface decontamination may allow some difficult-to-handle categories of waste (primarily
mixed waste) to be reclassified as easier-to-handle low-level or hazardous wastes.
- Reuse of Valuable Metals -- Metals unusable because of surface
contamination may be cleaned sufficiently to allow reuse.
- Reduced Costs-- Automated efficient technique reduces costs of
not only decontamination but also overall waste storage and disposal as waste volumes and
classifications are reduced.
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Status
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INEEL, through the Technology Transfer Office at
Lockheed Martin Idaho Technologies Company, has licensed the technology to an
Atlanta-based industrial cleaning products and service company, ZawTech International
Inc.. The license agreement gave the company rights to manufacture and market the
technology in Canada, Mexico and U.S. The technology has been marketed as Laser ZAWCAD.
Boeing's airplane refurbishment plant in Wichita, Kansas has been used the technology
since October 1998. |
Barriers
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With the base price of $300,000, plus any
application-specific wand or nozzle, the system is very expensive. |
Points of Contact
- Martin Edelson, Ames Laboratory, Environmental Technology
Development Program, Phone: (515) 294-4987, E-mail: edelson@ameslab.gov.
- Russell Ferguson, ZawTech International Inc., Phone: (208)
525-9298 Ext. 28, E-mail: zawtech@cyberhighway.net.
References
- D.O.E. Labs Commercialize New Laser Technology, INEEL,
http://www.inel.gov/whats_new/press_releases/1997/prlaser2.html
- Decontamination with Lasers, Ames Laboratory, http://www.etd.ameslab.gov/etd/technologies/projects/laserdecon/laserdecon.html
- Fiber optic lasers clean hard-to-reach spots, Inside INEEL,
http://www.inel.gov/resources/newsletters/inside/marchinsert2.html
- Green Cutting and Cleaning Technologies Attract Commercial
Partner, DOE News
- Laser Cleans Metals Effeciently, ENR, January 5, 1998.
- Largest Business To Date 'Spins Out' From INEEL, DOE
News
Disclaimer Statement
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Neither the Construction
Industry Institute nor Purdue University in any way endorses this
technology or represents
that the information presented can be relied upon without further investigation. |
MA12
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